ABSTRACT
Background: the refining process generates large volumes of wastewater containing a variety of chemical contaminants. The use of natural substitutes in treating wastewater which have fewer harmful effects is considered an effective step towards protecting the environment and sustaining the development of these industries. This study focused on the use of Moringa oleifera and alum at the Wastewater Unit at Bandar Abbas Refinery
Methods: this study was performed in 2014 in a laboratory using jar apparatus. These experiments were conducted in batch system and effective parameters including pH, coagulant dose and contact time were investigated on the wastewater obtained from Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery
Results: the jar test experiment showed that M. oleifera at 70 mg/L, optimum temperature, pH, and mixing speed could remove 38.60% of chemical oxygen demand [COD], 63.70% of turbidity, and 62.05% of total suspended solids [TSS]. Also, alum at 40 mg/L removed COD, turbidity, and TSS by 51.72%, 92.16%, and 85.26% respectively from the refinery wastewater. Moreover, when M. oleifera and alum was used together with a 2:1 dosage ratio [alum at 80 mg/L and M. oleifera at 70 mg/L], they will remove COD, turbidity, and TSS by up to 50.41%, 86.14%, and 81.52% respectively
Conclusion: the use of M. oleifera as a natural coagulant is important in treating refinery wastewater not only from an environmental but also an economic point of view
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was assessing the effect of feedback correcting exercise in front of mirror during running on frontal plane knee and pelvic kinematic and electromyography activity of some lower extremity muscles in single leg squat [SLS]
Materials and Methods: This study was quasi experimental. 23 active female subjects participated in two experimental and control groups with mean age [21.86+/- 2.43] years .experimental group contains subjects with knee valgus and pelvic drop angle more than a mean plus one standard deviation of the population in functional SLS. Muscular activity [RMS] of gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus, angle of knee valgus and pelvic drop were register in end of SLS Pre and post of 8 training sessions. Comparing Variable has done with independent t statistical test between 2 groups and pair sample t test within each groups with significant level of 0.05
Results: Statistical analysis Before training showed no significant differences in pelvic drop between two groups [P and ge0.05], but knee valgus angle was significantly more than control group [Pandle0.05]. In spit that most muscle activities [% MVC] except biceps femoris [Pandle0.05], were greater in experimental group, no significant difference [Pandge0.05] has seen in two groups. Comparing pre and post test has showed no significant difference in knee valgus of experimental group, however it decreased around 2 degrees and although%MVC decreased in all muscles, just rectuse femoris has shown significant difference [Pandle0.05]. No significant difference has seen in control group in all variables [Pandge0.05]
Conclusion: Findings showed poor neuromuscular control in experimental group which improved to some extent after training because lower muscle activity and energy consumption in specific movement with similar kinematic indicate improvement of motor control or cause learning. It seems that mirror corrective exercise is responsible of learning by activating mirror neurons. Also decreasing muscular activity in movements cause decreasing fatigue, so possibility of injury may decrease, regarding the relation between fatigue and most injuries. Although there is some evidence that this training may cause positive changes in knee valgus and lower limb neuromuscular activity but more researches are needed to reach certain results
ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of synovial joint diseases which affect old people all around the world and can lead to chronic pain and severe disability. The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of swimming exercise on MIA-induced osteoarthritis in male rats' knee joint. Eighteen Wistar male rats [weight of 173 +/- 1 g, 8 weeks old] were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: intact control, monosodium Iodoacetate [MIA] only and swimming. Intra-articular injection of MIA [50 microl] was applied on rats' right knee, similarly saline was injected in left knees. Training program used in the study was swimming with moderate intensity for 28 days. After the completion of the protocol, rats were killed and both knees of the animals were assessed histopathologically. One-way ANOVA [p<0/05] and post-hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis of data. Results indicated that moderate swimming training for 4 weeks significantly improved osteoarthritic symptoms of rats' knee in 3 histopathological measures of Depth Ratio of Lesions [p=0/001], Total Degeneration Width [p=0/001] and Significant Degeneration Width [P=0/001]. The findings of the present study showed that a moderate swimming training program exerts a beneficial influence on cartilage lesions induced by monosodium iodo acetate injection. Thus, the training protocol used in this study can be recommended for the treatment of osteoarthritis